Extrato de espinafre como fonte de nitrito em linguiça frescal: atributos de qualidade e estabilidade durante o armazenamento refrigerado / Spinach Extract as a source of nitrite in fresh sausages: quality attributes and stability during refrigerated storage

Introdução: Os consumidores têm inúmeras preocupações em relação à saúde, dentre as quais o consumo elevado de aditivos químicos, como os conservantes, que ao reagir com substâncias presentes nos alimentos podem produzir compostos cancerígenos. Alguns vegetais, como o espinafre, podem ser fontes naturais desses conservantes, e sua aplicação pode aumentar a saudabilidade dos produtos cárneos. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do extrato de espinafre como fonte de nitrito para conservação de linguiças frescais, armazenadas durante 35 dias sob refrigeração. Material e Método: Quatro formulações foram produzidas: controle positivo, com sal de cura comercial (CP), controle negativo, sem sal de cura (CN), extrato de espinafre (EE) e extrato de espinafre pré-convertido por bactérias nitrato-redutoras (EEPC). As linguiças foram avaliadas através da composição centesimal, cor, teor residual de nitrito, TBARS e avaliação microbiológica. Resultados: O sal de cura (CP) resultou em menores alterações na coloração das linguiças frescais. O TBARS aumentou aproximadamente 2,5 vezes (p<0,05) ao longo dos 35 dias, em todas as formulações, e os menores valores, ao final desse período, foram encontrados nas formulações CP e EEPC. Estas mesmas formulações apresentaram os maiores teores residuais de nitrito e menor contagem de BAL e enterobactérias (35 dias), o que comprova que o EEPC é tão eficiente quanto o sal de cura comercial como conservante em linguiça frescal armazenada sob refrigeração. Conclusão: O uso de EEPC pode ser uma alternativa promissora para a indústria cárnea, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de produtos clean label que atendam à demanda por produtos mais saudáveis.

Introduction: Consumers express concerns about chemical additives in the diet, including preservatives, which can produce carcinogenic compounds when interacting with substances present in food. Some vegetables, such as spinach, can be natural sources of preservatives, and their application can increase the healthiness of meat products. Objective: To evaluate the effects of spinach extract as a source of nitrite for the preservation of fresh sausages during 35 days of refrigerated storage. Material and Method: Four formulations were produced: positive control, with commercial curing salt (CP), negative control, without curing salt (CN), spinach extract (EE) and spinach extract pre-converted by nitrate-reducing bacteria (EEPC). The sausages were evaluated for proximate composition, color parameters, residual nitrite content, TBARS, and microbiological characterization. Results: The curing salt (CP) led to a few changes in the color of the fresh sausages. TBARS increased approximately 2.5 times (p<0.05) during the 35 days for all formulations, and the lowest values were found for the formulations CP and EEPC at the end of the storage. These formulations had the highest residual nitrite levels and the lowest LAB and enterobacteria count (35 days), which proves that EEPC is an effective preservative to replace commercial curing salt in fresh sausages subjected to refrigerated storage. Conclusion: The use of EEPC can be a promising alternative for the meat industry, enabling the development of clean-label products that meet the demand for healthier products.

Disponibilidade, acesso percebido e insegurança alimentar em domicílios de escolares de dois municípios de Minas Gerais na pandemia de COVID-19 / Availability, perceived access, and food insecurity in households of schoolchildren in two cities of Minas Gerais in the COVID-19 pandemic

Introdução: O contexto pandêmico tem implicações diretas na situação de segurança alimentar e nutricional atual e futura, assim é urgente avaliar a situação da insegurança alimentar em suas diferentes dimensões. Há poucos estudos que avaliam conjuntamente segurança alimentar, disponibilidade e acesso aos alimentos. Objetivo: Descrever a disponibilidade alimentar domiciliar e o acesso percebido aos alimentos segundo a situação de insegurança alimentar em domicílios de escolares na pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com amostra representativa de domicílios de escolares da educação infantil e ensino fundamental de escolas públicas de Mariana e Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados na fase inicial da pandemia, "junho e julho de 2020", por meio de entrevistas telefônicas com os responsáveis por comprar e/ou preparar os alimentos nos domicílios. Investigou-se condições socioeconômicas, acesso percebido aos alimentos, disponibilidade alimentar domiciliar e insegurança alimentar, esta avaliada por meio da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Resultados: Dos 612 domicílios investigados, 82,0% estavam em situação de insegurança alimentar, sendo 11,3% em insegurança moderada e 5,1% em insegurança grave. Foi observada relação entre disponibilidade de frutas, hortaliças, leite, carnes e ovos com a insegurança alimentar, bem como com a percepção de dificuldade no acesso a frutas e hortaliças. Discussão: A situação de insegurança alimentar enfrentada pelos domicílios relaciona-se com menor disponibilidade de alimentos importantes para o desenvolvimento dos escolares, ademais as famílias depararam com inacessibilidade para adquirir frutas e hortaliças. (AU)

Introduction: The pandemic context impacts the current and future situation of food and nutritional security, so it is urgent to assess the situation of food insecurity in its different dimensions. There are few studies that jointly assess food security, availability, and access to food. Objective: To describe household food availability and perceived access to food according to the situation of food insecurity in households of schoolchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of households of schoolchildren in early childhood education and elementary school from public schools in Mariana and Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. Data were collected in the initial phase of the pandemic, "June and July 2020", through telephone interviews with those responsible for buying and/or preparing the food in the households. Socioeconomic conditions, perceived access to food, and household food availability were investigated, and food insecurity was measured using the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale. Results: Of the 612 households surveyed, 82.0% of the households presented food insecurity, of which 11.3% moderate food insecurity and 5.1% severe food insecurity. A relationship was observed between the low availability of fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, and eggs with food insecurity and the perception of difficulty in accessing fruits and vegetables. Discussion: The situation of food insecurity faced by households is related to low availability of essential foods for the development of schoolchildren, and families also encounter inaccessibility to acquire fruits and vegetables. (AU)

Relationship between lifestyle and sociodemographic determinants and eating patterns among adults and the elderly: A population-based study

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify dietary patterns in an adult population and to verify the factors associated with them. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional population-based household study with 1,574 individuals aged >20 years, of both sexes, living in Teresina and Picos, Piauí, Brazil. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and food consumption data were collected. Dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis. Results: There was a positive and significant association with the healthy eating pattern in women, elderly people, individuals with secondary and higher education and smokers. The white-meat pattern was positively associated with people without a partner and non-white skin, as well as with women, elderly people and smokers, and inversely with individuals with longer screen time and individuals with high school and college education. The unhealthy pattern was positively associated with individuals with excessive screen time and individuals with secondary and higher education, and inversely associated with individuals who were insufficiently active. Conclusion: Women, the elderly, individuals with a partner, non-smokers and active people have a healthier diet. However, men, smokers, with longer screen time and insufficiently active had a more inadequate diet, while the level of education showed contrasting results.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar patrones dietéticos en una población de adultos y adultos mayoresy verificar los factores asociados a ellos. Métodos: Estudio transversal poblacional y domiciliario realizado en 1574 personas mayores de 20 años, de ambos sexos, residentes en Teresina y Picos, Piauí, Brasil. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida y de consumo de alimentos. Los patrones dietéticos se obtuvieron mediante análisis de componentes principales. Resultados: Hubo asociación positiva y significativa con el patrón de alimentación saludable en mujeres, adultos mayores, individuos con educación secundaria y superior y fumadores. El patrón de carnes blancas se asoció positivamente con personas sin pareja y piel no blanca, así como con mujeres, personas mayores y fumadores, e inversamente con personas con mayor tiempo de pantalla y personas con educación secundaria y universitaria. El patrón insalubre se asoció positivamente con individuos con tiempo de pantalla excesivo y con individuos con educación secundaria y superior, y se asoció inversamente con individuos que eran insuficientemente activos. Conclusión: Las mujeres, los adultos mayores, las personas en pareja, los no fumadores y las personas activas tienen una dieta más saludable. Sin embargo, los hombres, fumadores, con mayor tiempo de pantalla e insuficientemente activos tenían una dieta más inadecuada, mientras que el nivel de educación mostró resultados contrastantes.

Análisis del consumo, utilización y aprovechamiento de frutas y verduras entre los años 2019 y 2021 / Analysis of consumption, use and utilization of fruits and vegetables between 2019 and 2021

En 2021 se conmemoró el Año Internacional de las Frutas y Verduras (FyV). Estos alimentos cumplen un rol indispensable en la dieta, sin embargo, un amplio sector de la población no las consume en la variedad y cantidad recomendadas. A esto se suma la problemática de las pérdidas y desperdicios de alimentos, situación que trae consigo un impacto negativo a nivel social, ambiental y económico. El objetivo del presente artículo fue analizar el consumo, utilización y aprovechamiento de FyV desde las perspectivas de salud y sostenibilidad. Para esto, se realizaron cuatro encuestas entre 2019 y 2021 que evaluaron diferentes dimensiones relacionadas con estos alimentos: adecuación del consumo, variedades consumidas, criterios de calidad de FyV apreciados por los consumidores y prácticas de sostenibilidad y consumo responsable. Sólo el 19% de los encuestados presentó consumos adecuados de FyV (5 o más porciones diarias). La variedad de frutas consumidas es menor que la de hortalizas, concentrándose en tres de ellas: manzana, banana y naranja. Los principales factores identificados como limitantes del consumo de FyV fueron el precio, la elevada perecibilidad de estos alimentos y la preferencia hacia otros productos. En relación a las prácticas de alimentación sostenible y los principales criterios de calidad valorados por los consumidores se observó un bajo aprovechamiento de partes comestibles de frutas o verduras, menos del 27% de los encuestados consume la fruta con cáscara, y un mayor desaprovechamiento de partes comestibles de verduras, dónde el 64% de los encuestados tira partes como tallos u hojas, aún cuando existen vías de aprovechamiento con fines no alimenticios. Por último, el factor de calidad más apreciado por los consumidores es la apariencia (30%), el valor nutricional no fue un parámetro de gran valoración (6%)(AU).

In 2021, the International Year of Fruits and Vegetables (FyV) was commemorated. These foods play an essential role in the diet; however, a large sector of the population does not consume them in the recommended variety and quantity. Added to this is the problem of food losses and waste, a situation that brings about a negative impact at a social, environmental and economic level. The objective of this article was to analyze the consumption, use and utilization of F&V from the perspectives of health and sustainability. For achiving this, four surveys were carried out between 2019 and 2021 that evaluated different dimensions: adequacy of consumption, varieties consumed, F&V quality criteria appreciated by consumers, and sustainability practices and responsible consumption. Only 19% of those surveyed presented adequate consumption of F&V (5 or more daily servings). The variety of fruits consumed is less than that of vegetables, concentrating on three of them: apple, banana and orange. The main factors limiting the consumption of F&V were the price, the high perishability of these foods and the preference for other products. In relation to sustainable eating practices and the main quality criteria valued by consumers, a low use of edible parts of fruits or vegetables was observed, less than 27% of respondents consume fruit with peel, and a greater waste of edible parts of vegetables, where 64% of respondents throw away parts such as stems or leaves, even when there are ways of using them for non-food purposes. Finally, the quality factor most appreciated by consumers is appearance (30%), nutritional value was not a highly valued parameter (6%)(AU).

Food environment of the economic capital of the Northeast: social and territorial disparities in the availability of food stores / Ambiente alimentar da capital econômica do Nordeste: disparidades sociais e territoriais da disponibilidade dos comércios de alimentos

ABSTRACT Objective Characterize the community food environment through the different types of food outlets in the city of Fortaleza and associate their distribution according to sociodemographic indicators. Methods This is an ecological study carried out in the city of Fortaleza in which data from the Health Surveillance Service were used with the location of all licensed food stores in the city in the years 2018 and 2019. Georeferenced maps were set up to illustrate the spatial distribution of the establishments. Correlation analyses were performed to verify the association between food outlets and socioeconomic data. Values of p≤0.005 were considered significant. Results We identified a greater concentration of food stores in the neighborhoods with better socioeconomic levels. Snack bars (n=2051; 27.7%) and restaurants (n=1945; 26.3%), were in greater quantity and exhibited a positive correlation with the Human Development Index and average income. Supermarkets and hypermarkets (n=288; 3.9%) and street markets (n=81; 1.1%) were in a smaller number and had the worst spatial distribution. Conclusion We observed socioeconomic inequalities in the distribution of different types of food outlets. The little diversity and the limited number of establishments in peripheral neighborhoods, besides the centralization of outlets that sell food that is harmful to health, constitute obstacles for the population to make healthy food choices.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o ambiente alimentar comunitário por meio dos diferentes tipos de estabelecimentos de venda de alimentos existentes na cidade de Fortaleza e relacionar sua distribuição de acordo com indicadores sociodemográficos. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo ecológico realizado na cidade de Fortaleza em que foram utilizados dados da Vigilância Sanitária com a localização de todos os comércios de alimentos licenciados para funcionamento no município nos anos de 2018 e 2019. Foram construídos mapas georreferenciados para ilustrar a distribuição espacial dos estabelecimentos. Análises de correlação foram realizadas para verificar associação entre os estabelecimentos de venda de alimentos e dados socioeconômicos. Consideraram-se significativos valores de p≤0,005. Resultados Foi possível identificar maior concentração de comércios de alimentos nos bairros com melhores níveis socioeconômicos. Lanchonetes (n=2051; 27,7%) e restaurantes (n=1945; 26,3%) apresentaram-se em maior quantidade e obtiveram correlação positiva com o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano e a renda média. Supermercados e hipermercados (n = 288; 3,9%) e feiras livres (n=81; 1,1%) existiam em menor proporção e apresentaram a pior distribuição espacial. Conclusão Desigualdades socioeconômicas foram observadas na distribuição dos diferentes tipos de pontos de venda de alimentos. A pouca diversidade e a limitada quantidade de estabelecimentos em bairros periféricos, além da centralização da oferta de comércios que vendem alimentos prejudiciais à saúde, constituem-se obstáculos para que a população faça escolhas alimentares saudáveis.

Escolhas alimentares no contexto de um município com relevante produção agrícola: a perspectiva dos ambientes alimentares em Palmeira das Missões-RS / Food choices in the context of a relevant agricultural production municipality: the food environment perspective in Palmeira das Missões-RS

Introdução: Os ambientes alimentares podem ser entendidos como o contexto em que os indivíduos acessam e realizam suas escolhas alimentares, podendo favorecer ou não a alimentação saudável e adequada. Objetivo: Analisar as escolhas alimentares de consumidores urbanos na perspectiva de ambientes alimentares em Palmeira das Missões, no Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou como técnica de pesquisa entrevista semiestruturada com consumidores residentes na área urbana no município. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo por categorias temáticas, a partir das dimensões física, econômica, política e sociocultural, as quais compõem os ambientes alimentares. Resultados e Discussões: As escolhas alimentares estão interseccionadas com a ampla disponibilidade e facilidade para encontrar mais alimentos ultraprocessados do que in natura, bem como com as condições econômicas, que se tornam limitadoras das escolhas alimentares pautadas na variedade e inclusão de alimentos in natura e minimamente processados. Constatou-se a importância do Programa Bolsa Família para a aquisição de alimentos, sobretudo para famílias de menores estratos socioeconômicos. Considerações finais: Os dados da pesquisa indicam que escolhas alimentares que incluem maior variedade e disponibilidade de alimentos in natura estão associadas principalmente às condições econômicas e à disponibilidade desses alimentos. Por isso, destaca-se a importância do fortalecimento de políticas públicas para a promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável, bem como a relevância da articulação de ações locais, tendo em vista o potencial agrícola do município. (AU)

Introduction: Food environments can be understood as the context in which individuals access and make their food choices, which may or may not favor healthy and adequate food. Objective: To analyze the food choices of urban consumers from the perspective of food environments in Palmeira das Missões, in Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: Qualitative approach research, based on semi-structured interviews with consumers living in the urban area of Palmeira das Missões. Data were analyzed through content analysis by thematic categories, from the physical, economic, political and sociocultural dimensions, both related to food environments. Results and Discussions: Food choices are intersected with the wide availability and ease of finding more ultra-processed foods than in natura, as well as with the economic conditions, which become limiting of food choices based on the variety and inclusion of fresh and minimal processed foods. The importance of the Bolsa Família Program for the purchase of food was verified, especially for families from lower socioeconomic strata. Final considerations: The research findings indicate that food choices based on greater variety and availability of fresh foods are mainly associated with economic conditions and availability of these foods. Therefore, the importance of strengthening public policies for the promotion of adequate and healthy food is highlighted, as well as the relevance of articulating local actions, considering the municipality's agricultural potential. (AU)

Aplicación y efectividad de un modelo educativo en hábitos saludables con entrega de fruta y programa de actividad física en escolares

RESUMEN El objetivo fue evaluar una intervención educativa en hábitos de alimentación saludable basada en el programa Colación BKN en pre-escolares y escolares entre los años 2013-2018. Diseño longitudinal con comparación de cortes trasversales en escolares de prekínder a cuarto año básico durante 4 años en 14 escuelas de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. El programa consistió en entrega de fruta como colación, educación alimentaria, mejora de la actividad física y kioscos escolares, con participación de profesores y familias. Como resultado se observó una mejoría de los conocimientos en alimentación saludable de los niños, con una excelente satisfacción de usuarios. Sobrepeso y obesidad se mantuvieron el 2016 y 2018, pero aumentaron el 2015 y 2017. En escuelas similares no intervenidas el exceso de peso fue mayor con respecto a las del programa. Hubo una tendencia a disminuir el consumo de dulces y bebidas azucaradas en prekínder y kínder entre 2014 y 2017 y el consumo de 3 porciones al día de frutas y verduras en niños intervenidos fue superior al promedio nacional de 2 porciones al día.Conclusiones: Hubo un aumento exitoso en el consumo de frutas y verduras, educación alimentaria y actividad física para el cambio hacia hábitos más saludables.

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate an educational intervention for healthy eating habits based on the Colación BKN program, among preschool and schoolchildren, carried out in 2013-2018. We conducted a longitudinal study with cross-sectional data among preschool and school-age children (up to the fourth grade) over four years in 14 schools in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. The intervention program consisted of fruit delivery, nutrition education and improvements in physical activity and school food kiosks, with active participation of teachers and parents. There was an improvement in knowledge of healthy foods in children and excellent user satisfaction. Overweight and obesity did not increase during 2016 and 2018, but increased in 2015 and 2017. In similar not-intervened schools there was an increase of overweight and obesity compared with Colación BKN schools. For food consumption, there was a decrease in consumption of candy and soft drinks in preschool students and all children consumed more than three portions of fruits and vegetables per day, which is greater than the national average of two portions per day in the general population. Conclusions: There was a successful increase in fruit and vegetable consumption with nutrition education and promotion of healthy habits, such as physical activity and healthy food consumption.

Orphan crops for future food security

Climate change, along with current agricultural practices, is going to pose a significant challenge for futurefood security, especially in developing countries. Orphan crops can help mitigate this threat due to theirinherent properties of stress tolerance and nutrition content. Industrialization of agriculture has left these minorcrops behind in terms of domestication. As a result, the potential of these crops is underutilized. These cropscan be a game-changer in the long term if necessary steps are taken to improve the quality as well as quantity ofyield. Concerted efforts by many groups around the world have been taken for research and development ofthese crops. Besides, the unique properties of these crops have caught the media attention, which hails thesecrops as superfoods. Favourable government policies to promote these crops can help in the large-scaleadoption of these crops by the farming community. Besides, the stress-resilience of these crops can help boostthe sustainability of agriculture and ensure food security for future generations.

Rubus sellowii Cham. & Schlitdl. (Rosaceae) fruit nutritional potential characterization / Rubus sellowii Cham. & Schlitdl. (Rosaceae) caracterização do potencial nutricional de frutas

Abstract The aim of this study was to know the physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics of Rubus sellowii (Rosaceae) fruits, known as blackberry, native plant mainly to Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), Brazil. For this, three different populations of this plant were selected and the fruits were analyzed through moisture, ash, titratable acidity, pH, lipids, fibers, carbohydrates, proteins, carotenoids, lycopene, ascorbic acid, aminogram and in vitro digestibility. Fruits showed high acidity (3.28 percent), ash and protein (1.02 and 0.93 percent) and higher ascorbic acid (38.43 mg per 100 g) if compared to Rubus cultivars. Due to Rubus sellowii nutritional properties, they provide benefits to human health.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer as características físicas, químicas e nutricionais de frutos de Rubus sellowii (Rosáceas), conhecida como amora-preta, planta nativa principalmente do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Para isso, foram selecionadas três populações diferentes desta planta e frutas foram analisadas por meio de umidade, cinza, acidez titulável, pH, lipídios, fibras, carboidratos, proteínas, carotenóides, licopeno, ácido ascórbico, aminograma e digestibilidade in vitro. As frutas apresentaram alta acidez (3,28 g por cento), cinzas e proteínas (1,02 e 0,93 g por cento) e maior ácido ascórbico (38,43 mg por 100 g) em comparação com as cultivares Rubus. Devido às propriedades nutricionais de Rubus sellowii , elas proporcionam benefícios para a saúde humana.

Availability of Healthy Food in Different Categories of Markets

Objectives: The study is aimed at assessing and comparing the availability of healthy food among different typesof markets; the price of healthy food between supermarkets, groceries and convenience stores; as well as thepresence of the section that only contains healthy food. Methods: We divided markets into three categories(Supermarkets, Grocery stores, and Convenience stores) and divided Riyadh into 4 regions to ensure that the datarepresents the whole regions of Riyadh. The data was entered to Microsoft Excel 2010, and then transferred toStatistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Percentage was used to assess the level of the availability ofhealthy food and Chi-square was used to test for statistical differences. ANOVA and Post Hoc tests were used toassess the presence in difference of the price of healthy food. Results: Availability of healthy food items differsbased on the size of the stores. Large stores contain more vegetables and fruit groups than small stores. Onlydrinks group showed no significant difference (p-value 0.465) with the highest percentage of availability amongother groups; while, miscellaneous group showed the least percentage of availability between different markets.The difference in price between the three different commercial outlets is not significant except in meat group.Healthy food sections were found in two out of sixty markets. Conclusion: Availability of healthy food itemsincreases with the increase of stores’ size. There is no price difference between different markets except meatgroup. Healthy food sections were found in two out of sixty markets.

Elaboración artesanal de un muffin de zapallo-brócoli y su evaluación de la expectativa y aceptabilidad en el hogar / Homemade cooking of a pumpkin-broccoli muffin and analysis of sensory expectation and acceptability in home use test

Introducción: considerando la importancia de la alimentación saludable, la tendencia de la población de ingerir alimentos prácticos y la oportunidad de incorporar hortalizas a productos alimenticios, surge la propuesta de desarrollar un muffin diferente. Objetivos: desarrollar un muffin de zapallo-brócoli artesanal. Evaluar expectativa y aceptabilidad sensorial en el hogar. Determinar el orden de preferencia del color del plato para servirlo. Materiales y método: se desarrolló el producto alimenticio.124 participantes evaluaron expectativa sensorial (apariencia, suavidad bucal y sabor), percepción de producto saludable e intención de consumo en escala de 1(me disgusta mucho) a 10(me gusta mucho) y orden de preferencia para servir el Muffin, según el color de plato (blanco, verde, azul y rojo). En aceptabilidad en el hogar, 41 personas de las 124 que evaluaron expectativa, realizaron el Muffin según la receta entregada. Evaluaron apariencia, suavidad bucal, sabor, intención de consumo y percepción de producto saludable en escala de 1(me disgusta mucho) a 10(me gusta mucho), disposición a consumir nuevamente este producto y en qué momento del día. Resultados: el producto desarrollado vehiculiza 26,5% de la recomendación de hortalizas por porción. En la expectativa sensorial se obtuvieron muy buenos puntajes promedios, superiores a 7,27. El orden de preferencia del color de los platos para el servicio fue: blanco-verde-rojo-azul; sin diferencias entre rojo-azul. Para la aceptabilidad en el hogar, los atributos evaluados tuvieron valores promedio superiores a 8,5 puntos. El 92,7% de los encuestados consumiría nuevamente el producto, el almuerzo fue el momento del día más elegido. Al comparar las respuestas de expectativa y aceptabilidad (n=41) se encontraron diferencias significativas para suavidad bucal y sabor (valores mayores en aceptabilidad en el hogar). Conclusiones: el muffin de zapallo-brócoli obtuvo muy buenos valores de expectativa y aceptabilidad en el hogar, y contribuiría a alcanzar la recomendación diaria de hortalizas(AU).

Introduction: taking into consideration the importance of healthy eating, the general trend towards easy-to-eat food, and the opportunity to include vegetables in food products triggered off the idea of developing a different, original muffin recipe. Objectives: develop a recipe for a homemade pumpkin & broccoli muffin. Analyze sensory expectation and acceptability in home use test. Determine the order of preference for the color of the plate on which the muffin is served. Materials and Methods: the recipe was formulated, and the food product was prepared. 124 participants provided their input on sensory expectation (appearance, smoothness and flavor), product healthiness perception and intention to eat the muffin, using a 10-point scale (1=dislike extremely and 10=like extremely). They also ranked the colors (white, green, blue and red) of the plate on which the muffin was served in order of preference. 41 of the 124 people that participated in the sensory expectation evaluation homebaked the muffin following the recipe provided and measured acceptability. They assessed appearance, smoothness, flavor, product healthiness perception and intention to eat the muffin using a10-point scale (1=dislike extremely and 10=like extremely). Furthermore, the participants specified their degree of willingness to consume the food product again and what meal they would eat the muffin in. Results: this food product offers 26.5% of the recommended vegetables serving size. Scale scores for sensory expectation were very good, averaging over 7.27. The order of preference for the color of the plate on which the muffin is served was: white-green-red-blue; with no statistical differences between red and blue. The mean scores for the food attributes (acceptability in home used test) were over 8.5. Also, 92.7% of the participants said they would consume the food product again, lunch being the preferred meal for doing so. When comparing answers for sensory expectation and acceptability (n=41), significant differences were found for smoothness and flavor (scores were higher in acceptability for home use test). Conclusions: the pumpkin & broccoli muffin rated very well in sensory expectation and acceptability in home use test and would contribute to reaching the recommended daily intake of vegetables(AU).

Condições sanitárias de açúcar mascavo, demerara e de coco comercializados a granel na cidade de Maceió, AL / Sanitary, demerara and coconut health conditions marketed in bulk in the city of Maceió, AL

Independentemente do tipo de açúcar, este alimento é utilizado pela população, que o adquire tanto na forma embalada como a granel. Diversos micro-organismos presentes no ambiente podem contaminar alimentos, principalmente em produtos comercializados a granel, que são extremamente manipulados, existindo uma preocupação maior em se aplicar corretamente as boas práticas de fabricação tanto na produção como na comercialização deste tipo de produto. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar microbiologicamente açúcares mascavo, demerara e de coco,comercializados a granel, em lojas de produtos naturais, na cidade de Maceió-AL. Foram escolhidas aleatoriamente dez lojas localizadas em diversos bairros. Foram quantificados bactérias do grupo coliformes e fungos por meio da técnica dos tubos múltiplos e do plaqueamento por semeadura em superfície de meio de cultura seletivo, respectivamente. As amostras de açúcares (100g) de cada tipo, foram adquiridas, em cada estabelecimento, de acordo com a disponibilidade destes. As amostras foram transportadas em temperatura ambiente para o laboratório de microbiologia para a realização das análises. 100% das amostras apresentaram contaminação por coliformes a 35°C e 45ºC e 84% por bolores e leveduras. Porém das oito amostras do açúcar de coco, sete do demerara e dez do mascavo apenas 2 amostras, uma da loja B e outra da loja G (20%), do açúcar mascavo apresentaram valores para coliformes a 45ºC acima do permitido pela legislação federal. Por meio deste estudo, pode-se verificar que tanto a produção como a comercialização dos açúcares a granel necessitam de uma maior fiscalização dos órgãos competentes, no que se diz respeito ao controle sanitário, para evitar que a população compre um produto de qualidade microbiológica duvidosa e fique susceptível a contrair doenças de origem alimentar.

Regardless of the type of sugar, this food is used by the population, that acquires both in packed as in bulk. Several microorganisms present in the environment can contaminate food, especially in products marketed in bulk, that are extremely manipulated, there is greater concern to apply properly the good manufacturing practices both in production and in marketing this product type. The aim of this study was to analyze microbiologically Brown sugars, demerara and coco, marketed in bulk, in natural food stores in the city of Maceió/AL. Were chosen randomly to ten stores located in various districts. Bacteria of the coliform group were quantified and fungi by means of multiple tube technique and plating for sowing in selective culture medium surface, respectively. Samples of sugar (100 g) of each type, were acquired in each establishment, according to the availability of these. The samples were transported at room temperature to the microbiology laboratory to carry out the analysis. 100% of the samples presented for coliform contamination to 35° C and 45° C and 84% for moulds and yeasts. But of the eight samples of coconut sugar, demerara seven and ten of the only 2 samples, Brown a B store and another of the store G (20%) of brown sugar apresentaramvalores to 45 ºc above the coliforms permitted by federal law. By meiodeste study, one can check that both the production and the marketing of the bulk sugar need greater supervision of competent bodies in respect of sanitary control, to prevent the people buy a product of microbiological quality and be susceptible to contracting food-borne diseases.

Experiencias de capacitación a manipuladores de alimentos desde la promoción de salud / Experiences of the food handlers´ training from the health promotion

RESUMEN Introducción: las personas que manipulan alimentos son responsables de la elaboración inocua de los mismos, son claves para desarrollar y fomentar una cultura alimentaria saludable. Objetivo: describir el desarrollo del curso "El manipulador de alimentos y la promoción de Salud" impartido por la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, durante el curso 2015-2016. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal.El universo lo constituyó 97 cursistas. Resultados: las principales necesidades de aprendizaje fueron: normas jurídicas cubanas para la manipulación de alimentos inocuos, (97=100 %); buenas prácticas de manufactura en la limpieza y desinfección en establecimientos de alimentos, (96=93,12%); conocimiento de enfermedades trasmitidas por los alimentos, (89= 86,33 %); la necesidad de poseer conocimientos relacionados con los alimentos saludables y factores que influyen en su calidad, (60=58,20 %). Las principales expectativas declaradas al inicio del curso fueron cumplidas en un 100 %. El 91,75 % de los cursistas expresaron sentirse muy satisfechos. Conclusiones: el curso impartido desde la perspectiva de la promoción de la salud, posibilitó que los manipuladores de alimentos se empoderen de los conocimientos necesarios para contribuir a garantizar la inocuidad de los alimentos, en sus comunidades y escenarios laborales y así lograr una alimentación saludable y de calidad... (AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: people handling food are responsible for their innocuous elaboration and are very important for developing and fomenting a healthy food culture. Objective: to describe the conduction of the training "The Food Handler and Health Promotion", taught at the National School of Public Health, during the school year 2015-2016. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out. The universe was formed by 97 trainees. Results: the main learning necessities were: Cuban juridical norms for handling innocuous food (97=100 %); good manufacturing practices in food establishments cleaning and disinfestation (96=93.12%); knowledge on food-transmitted diseases (89= 86.33 %); necessity of having knowledge related to healthy food and factors influencing on their quality (60=58.20 %). The main expectations declared at the beginning of the training were 100 % fulfilled. 91.70 % of the trainees said they were satisfied. Conclusions: the training from the point of view of health promotion provided the food handlers the necessary knowledge for them to contribute to warrant the food innocuousness in their communities and working places, achieving that way a healthy, qualitative feeding... (AU)

Physicochemical comparison of commercial VS. extracted ß-glucans and structural characterization after enzymatic purification / Comparación fisicoquímica entre ß-glucanos comerciales y extraídos, y caracterización estructural después de purificación enzimática

Background: ß-glucans (1-3: 1-4) are soluble fibers applied to foods due to their technological properties (water binding capacity, viscosity, emulsification and stabilization) and their beneficial effects on health. The functional properties of ß-glucans can be lost during the extraction and purification processes. The high viscosity of ß-glucans is related to a high molecular weight and its physiological properties in the intestine. Therefore, to characterize the fiber after its extraction and purification is fundamental to understand its possible applications in foods. Objectives: characterize ß-glucans extracted (EßG) and compare them with three commercial ß-glucans (CßG-A, CßG-B and CßG-C) to identify its possible applications in foods and to evaluate if enzymatic purification affects molecular and structurally the ß-glucans. Methods: barley ß-glucans were extracted (EßG), characterized by chemical analyzes, rheological behavior, and color, and compared to three commercial ß-glucans samples. Then, the extract was purified and its structural and molecular characteristics were calculated. Results: EßG contained 64.38 ± 3.54% of ß-glucans, high starch contamination (12.70 ± 1.73%), high content of calcium (8894 mg/kg), pseudoplastic behavior, and dark color (L* = 52.77 ± 0.7). All commercial samples showed low starch contamination, lighter color, and Newtonian behavior. After purification starch and protein contamination decreased (0.85 ± 0.46% and 5.50 ± 0.12% respectively), increased the content of ßG (69.45 ± 0.81%) and increased brightness (L* = 92.60 ± 1.70). Purified ß-glucans (PßG) showed a molar weight of 690 ± 1.6 kDa and species with degree polymerization 3 (DP3) to 11 (DP11) were identified on the structure. Conclusions: EßG extracts before the purification presented a high viscosity and contamination. The enzymatic purification process was effective and allowed to maintain a high molar mass of PßG and its distinctive molecular structures (species with DP3 and DP4). The commercial samples CßG-A and CßG-B showed a low content of ß-glucans. Finally, CßG-C presented the best physicochemical and rheological properties for its subsequent application in food.

Antecedentes: los ß-glucanos (1-3: 1-4) son fibras solubles aplicadas a los alimentos debido a sus propiedades tecnológicas (capacidad de retención de agua, viscosidad, emulsificación y estabilización) y a sus efectos beneficiosos en la salud. Las propiedades funcionales de los ß-glucanos pueden perderse durante los procesos de extracción y purificación. La alta viscosidad de los ß-glucanos está relacionada con un alto peso molecular y con sus propiedades fisiológicas en el intestino. Por lo tanto, caracterizar la fibra después de su extracción y purificación es fundamental para comprender sus posibles aplicaciones en alimentos. Objetivos: caracterizar ß-glucanos extraídos (EßG) y compararlos con tres marcas comerciales (CßG-A, CßG-B y CßG-C) para identificar su futura aplicación en alimentos y evaluar si la purificación enzimática afecta molecular y estructuralmente los ß-glucanos. Métodos: se extrajeron ß-glucanos de cebada (EßG), caracterizados por análisis químicos, comportamiento reológico y color, y se compararon con tres muestras comerciales. Posteriormente, el extracto (EßG) se purificó y se identificaron sus características estructurales y su peso molecular. Resultados: EßG contenía 64.38 ± 3.54% de ß-glucanos, alta contaminación con almidón (12.70 ± 1.73%), alto contenido de calcio (8894 mg / kg), comportamiento pseudoplástico y color oscuro (L* = 52.77 ± 0.7). Todas las muestras comerciales mostraron una baja contaminación con almidón, color más claro y comportamiento newtoniano. Después de la purificación de EßG, la contaminación con almidón y proteína disminuyó (0.85 ± 0.46% y 5.50 ± 0.12%, respectivamente), aumentó el contenido de ßG (69.45 ± 0.81%) y aumentó su luminosidad (L* = 92.60 ± 1.70). Los ß-glucanos purificados (PßG) mostraron un peso molar de 690 ± 1,6 kDa y se identificaron en la estructura especies con grado de polimerización desde 3 (GP3) hasta 11 (GP11). Conclusiones: los EßG antes de la purificación presentaron alta viscosidad y contaminación. El proceso de purificación enzimática fue efectivo y permitió mantener una alta masa molar de la fibra y sus estructuras moleculares características (especies con GP3 y GP4). Las muestras comerciales CßG-A y CßG-B mostraron un bajo contenido de ß-glucanos. Finalmente, la CßG-C presentó las mejores propiedades fisicoquímicas y reológicas para su posterior aplicación en alimentos.

Delivery of healthy lunch to worksites: a two weeks pilot study in a sample of working adults in Selangor, Malaysia

@#Introduction: Lack of healthy food choices at the worksite is associated with unhealthy eating habits and poor diet quality. This study aimed to conduct a two weeks pilot study to assess the diet quality of lunch-meals delivered to worksites. Methods: Using a crossover study design, a total of 50 adults were purposely recruited from among university and hospital staffs in Selangor. Participants were randomised into two groups, whereby in week one, Group A was provided with the study’s “healthy lunch-meals” (RD4U©) for 3 work days/week, while Group B consumed their usual lunch. In week two, the groups switched over with Group B receiving RD4U© lunch-meals for three days. Diet quality of the lunch meals was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index for Malaysian (HEI-M). Participant satisfaction for RD4U© service was determined using SERVQUAL. Results: Mean protein consumption was significantly higher (27±4 g/day) while fat consumption was significantly lower (18±5 g/day) for the RD4U© lunch-meals, compared to the respective levels (24±11 g/day; 22±12 g/day) for the usual lunch meals. Total HEI score of the RD4U© meals (61.9±9.2) was higher than that for the usual lunch meals (56.1±11.2). Nonetheless, the overall diet quality scores indicate that both RD4U© and usual lunch meals were in the “need improvement” category. Generally, participants were satisfied with the RD4U© lunch-meal service. Conclusion: The RD4U© lunch-meals showed potential in delivering healthy lunch to worksites, and feasibility studies to expand the RD4U© delivery service is recommended.

Rubus sellowii Cham. & Schlitdl. (Rosaceae) fruit nutritional potential characterization

Abstract The aim of this study was to know the physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics of Rubus sellowii (Rosaceae) fruits, known as blackberry, native plant mainly to Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), Brazil. For this, three different populations of this plant were selected and the fruits were analyzed through moisture, ash, titratable acidity, pH, lipids, fibers, carbohydrates, proteins, carotenoids, lycopene, ascorbic acid, aminogram and in vitro digestibility. Fruits showed high acidity (3.28 percent), ash and protein (1.02 and 0.93 percent) and higher ascorbic acid (38.43 mg per 100 g) if compared to Rubus cultivars. Due to Rubus sellowii nutritional properties, they provide benefits to human health.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer as características físicas, químicas e nutricionais de frutos de Rubus sellowii (Rosáceas), conhecida como amora-preta, planta nativa principalmente do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Para isso, foram selecionadas três populações diferentes desta planta e frutas foram analisadas por meio de umidade, cinza, acidez titulável, pH, lipídios, fibras, carboidratos, proteínas, carotenóides, licopeno, ácido ascórbico, aminograma e digestibilidade in vitro. As frutas apresentaram alta acidez (3,28 g por cento), cinzas e proteínas (1,02 e 0,93 g por cento) e maior ácido ascórbico (38,43 mg por 100 g) em comparação com as cultivares Rubus. Devido às propriedades nutricionais de Rubus sellowii , elas proporcionam benefícios para a saúde humana.

Obtención de queso crema con propiedades funcionales suplementado con sólidos de lactosuero e inoculado con Lactobacillus casei

En la actualidad la industria alimentaria está enfocada principalmente en la diversificación de los productos probióticos debido a los efectos beneficiosos que estos proporcionan a la salud de los consumidores. El objetivo del siguiente trabajo de investigación fue elaborar un queso crema suplementado con sólidos de lactosuero e inoculado con Lactobacillus casei. Para lo cual se realizaron análisis fisicoquímicos al lactosuero y a la leche cruda, así como al queso crema, además se evaluó parámetros microbiológicos al producto final con el fin de estimar la calidad del mismo. Los resultados indicaron que es posible obtener un queso crema con calidad óptima ya que se obtuvieron resultados de proteína y grasa comparables con el producto comercial. Igualmente es importante destacar que Lactobacillus casei se conservó viable durante 15 días a las diferentes diluciones evaluadas, 10-4, 10-5 y 10-6, con valores de UFC de 1.79E+06, 1.35E+07 y 6.80E+07, respectivamente. El queso crema mantuvo calidad microbiológica debido a que no se apreció crecimiento de microorganismos indeseables.

The food industry's current focus lies mainly on diversifying probiotic products due to their beneficial effects on consumers' health. This research was thus aimed at producing a cream cheese supplemented with whey solids and inoculated with Lactobacillus casei. Whey and fresh milk's physical-chemical properties were thus analysed, as well as those of cream cheese; the final product's microbiological parameters were also evaluated for estimating quality. The results indicated that high-quality cream cheese can be obtained since the results regarding protein and fat were comparable with those of commercial products. It is worth stressing that Lactobacillus casei remained viable for 15 days at the different dilutions evaluated here: 10-4 (1.79E+06 CFU), 10-5 (1.35E+07 CFU) and 10-6 (6.80E+07 CFU). The cream cheese maintained its microbiological quality as the growth of undesirable microorganisms was not observed.

Atualmente, a indústria de alimentos é voltada principalmente para a diversificação dos efeitos probióticos devido aos benefícios que eles proporcionam para a saúde dos consumidores. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver um soro de leite creme de queijo suplementados com Lactobacillus casei. análise físico-química do soro e do leite e queijo creme em bruto foram realizados também parâmetros microbiológicos avaliados no produto final, a fim de estimar a qualidade do queijo. Os resultados indicaram que é possível obter um queijo creme com resultados de qualidade óptima protiena como gordura e comparável com o produto comercial foram obtidos. É também importante notar que o Lactobacillus casei foi mantida viável durante 15 dias para as diferentes diluições avaliadas, 10-4 10-6 10-5y UFC valores 1.79E + 06 1.35E + 07 6.80E + 07 e, respectivamente. Queijo creme qualidade microbiológica mantida porque nenhum crescimento de microorganismos indesejáveis apreciado.

Description of health promotion actions in Brazilian cities that received funds to develop “Academia da Saúde” program / Descrição de ações de promoção da saúde em cidades que receberam recursos para desenvolver o programa “Academia da Saúde”

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe the health promotion actions that were planned in cities that received funds to develop the “Academia da Saúde” program. We conducted a phone survey with 914 Secretary of Health from cities that received funds until July/2012. We calculated prevalence (%) of health promotion actions, expected results, number of people that would be assisted, partners for actions, health professionals in actions, manager group for coordinate and main objectives for proposal the actions. The most of the cities were of the south (25.9%) and southeast (33.4%). The actions would provide reach over one million of people in 25% of the cities. Improves of physical activity and healthy food are priorities in the actions. The most of cities had partners for actions. Only 50% of the cities had used health indicators for planning the program and 25% of the cities had planned training for health professionals and manager group for coordinate the program. The actions had focus in physical activity and healthy food. A large of number of people would be reach in actions. Only half of cities used health indicators for plan and few cities planned professional training and manager group. It is necessary improve the use of health indicators for plan, training of professionals and developing manager group for coordinate the actions. The continuum evaluation these program to verify possible effectiveness results in physical activity level and healthy food of population is a challenge for the Ministry of Health.

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo descrever as ações de promoção da saúde que foram planejadas nas cidades que receberam recursos para desenvolver o programa Academia da Saúde. Foi conduzido um inquérito por telefone com 914 secretários ou principais responsáveis pela saúde nas cidades que receberam recursos até julho de 2012. Foi calculada a prevalência (%) de ações de promoção da saúde, resultados esperados, número de pessoas que seriam atendidas, parcerias nas ações, profissionais de saúde nas ações, grupo gestor para coordenar e principais objetivos nas ações. A maioria das cidades avaliadas era do sul (25,9%) e sudeste (33,4%). O programa previa atingir pelo menos um milhão de pessoas em 25% das cidades. A melhora da atividade física e alimentação saudável foram as prioridades mais citadas. A maioria das cidades tinha parcerias nas ações, mas somente 50% usaram indicadores de saúde para planejar os programas e 25% planejaram treinamento de profissionais de saúde e formação de grupo gestor. As ações tinham como objetivo principal melhorar a prática de atividade física e alimentação saudável. Um grande contingente de pessoas poderá ser atingido pelas ações. Somente metade dos municípios usarou indicadores de saúde para o planejamento e poucos municípios previram treinamento de profissionais e grupo gestor. É necessário melhorar o uso de indicadores de saúde para planejamento, treinamento para profissionais e formação de grupos gestores para coordenação. A avaliação continua dos programas para verificar possíveis resultados de efetividade no nível de atividade física e alimentação saudável da população das cidades é um desafio para o Ministério da Saúde.

Sacha Inchi (plukenetia volubilis Hnneo): ¿una experiencia ancestral desaprovechada? Evidencias clínicas asociadas a su consumo / Sacha Inchi (plukenetia volubilis linneo): a wasted ancestral experience? Clinical evidence related to its consumption

Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) es una planta oleaginosa trepadora que crece en países como Perú, Bolivia y Colombia. Es una excelente fuente de ácidos grasos insaturados, fundamentalmente alfa linolénico (C18:3) y linoleico (C18:2), que representan aproximadamente 82% del contenido total del aceite. Sacha Inchi ha sido parte de la dieta de indígenas desde la antigüedad y es visto en la actualidad como un cultivo prometedor. Por su composición en ácidos grasos esenciales y su alto contenido en tocoferoles y antioxidantes, la recomendación de su consumo en la dieta habitual puede ser una estrategia encaminada a la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares en poblaciones de América Latina, en las que el consumo de aceite de oliva, reconocido por sus propiedades cardioprotectoras, es bajo. Este artículo tiene por objetivo hacer una revisión de la literatura publicada en relación con la inocuidad, aceptabilidad e impacto sobre la salud, del aceite de Sacha Inchi.

Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is an oleaginous climbing plant thatgrows in countries like Peru, Bolivia and Colombia. It is an excellent source of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly alpha lino-lenic (C18:3) and linoleic (C18:2), which represent approximately 82% of total oil content. Sacha Inchi has been part of the diet of native people of the region since ancient times and is seen as a promising crop today Due to its composition of essential fatty acids and its high content of antioxidants and tocopherols, the re-commendation of its consumption in the diet can be a strategy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in populations of Latin America, as olive oil consumption known for its cardioprotective properties, is typically low in these populations. The aim of this article is to review the published literature regarding the safety, acceptability and health impact of Sacha Inchi oil.

Os hábitos alimentares culturais e a pobreza como barreiras à promoção da alimentação saudável em centros de saúde de atenção básica no Distrito Federal/Brasil / Cultural eating habits and poverty as barriers to promoting healthy eating in primary health care centers in the Federal District / Brazi

Objetivo: analisar os resultados quantitativos e qualitativos de pesquisas realizadas entre 2008 a 2015 sobre barreiras e obstáculos referidas por profissionais de saúde sobre a promoção a alimentação saudável no Distrito Federal. Metodologia: Utilização de dados de abordagens de pesquisas multimétodos baseados no desenho de estudos KAP Knowledge, Atittudes and Pratices e etnografia em serviços de saúde de amostra probabilística de profissionais de saúde analisados pelo teste de Kolmogorov Smirnov(Lilliefors).Os dados qualitativos foram oriundos da abordagem etnográfica analisados segundo a propostas da Hermenêutica Dialética. Resultados: Os dados quantitativos demonstraram que o valor mais forte do coeficiente de correlação de Sperman foi de 0,66 no relacionamento entre a “baixa instrução dos usuários e os “hábitos culturais dos usuários”. Os núcleos de sentido identificados na abordagem etnográfica foram a pobreza dos usuários e o espírito do lugar onde estão sediados os centros de saúde no DF. Conclusões: Recomenda se a necessidade de estimular o investimento na formação e na práxis transdisciplinar dos profissionais de saúde em teorias compreensivas para informar e comunicar de forma humanizada para que eles se consideram co responsáveis pela articulação de conhecimentos como a expressão integrada de saberes, práticas e relações biológicas, sociais, econômicas e simbólicas culturais sobre a pro moção da alimentação saudável.

Objective: to analyze the quantitative and qualitative results of research carried out between 2008 2015 on barriers and obstacles referred to by health professionals on promoting healthy eating in the Federal District. Methodology: Datas multimethods researches approaches based on KAP study design Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in a random sample of health health professionals services analyzed by the Kolmogorov Smirnov test (Lilliefors). Qualitative datas were ethnographic approach analyzed according to the proposals of the Dialectic Hermeneutics. Results: Quantitative data showed that the stronger value of the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.66 in the relationship between the low education of users and cultural habits of users. The units of meaning identified in the ethnographic approach was the poverty of the users and the spirit of the place where they are based health centers. Conclusions: It is recommended the need to encourage investment in training and transdisciplinary practice of health professionals in understanding theories to inform and communicate in a humane way for them to feel co responsible for the articulation as integrated knowledge expression, practices and biological, social, economic and symbolic cultural relations on promoting healthy eating food.